在 ArchLinux 上安装 Nextcloud

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在我的 Vultr 上安装 Nextcloud

之前因为某些原因，弄了一台 Vultr 上的主机，有 1000GB 的带宽，基本上每月都用不完。因此就想着用来搭建一些服务自己来用。

之前尝试安装过 rsshub，不过后来转移到 Vercel 了。这次就想尝试安装一下 Nextcloud。

虽然我知道，直接用 docker 会更简单，不过既然 Nextcloud 以及在官方的源（我的系统是 Arch Linux）里了，就忍不住折腾一番。

需要用到的安装包：

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pacman -S mariadb php nextcloud php-intl php-fpm redis php-redis

由于之前已经安装并配置了 nginx，这个就不用重新在安装了。

1. 配置数据库

由于我用的文件系统是 btrfs，所以需要先禁用写时复制（CoW）：

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btrfs subvolume create /var/lib/mysql
chattr +C /var/lib/mysql

然后运行数据库：

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mariadb-install-db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql
systemctl enable mariadb
systemctl start mariadb

增强安全性：

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mysql_secure_installation

限制只能本地访问：

/etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
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[mysqld]
bind-address=127.0.0.1
skip-networking

自动补全功能：

/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf
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[mysql]
auto-rehash

配置 Nextcloud 的数据库：

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CREATE DATABASE nextcloud DEFAULT CHARACTER SET 'utf8mb4' COLLATE 'utf8mb4_general_ci';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* TO 'nextcloud'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<password>';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
\q

2. 配置 php

启用所需要的模块：

/etc/php/php.ini
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[php]
extension=gd
extension=iconv
extension=intl
extension=mysqli
zend_extension=opcache
extension=pdo_mysql

memory_limit = 512M
upload_max_filesize = 1024M

3. 配置 Redis 缓存

启用 redis：

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systemctl enable redis
systemctl start redis

配置 php 扩展：

/etc/php/conf.d/redis.ini
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extension=redis
/etc/php/conf.d/igbinary.ini
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[igbinary]
extension=igbinary.so

在 nextcloud 的配置文件中启用 redis：

/etc/webapps/nextcloud/config.php
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'memcache.distributed' => 'OCMemcacheRedis',
'memcache.local' => 'OCMemcacheRedis',
'memcache.locking' => 'OCMemcacheRedis',
'redis' => array(
     'host' => 'localhost',
     'port' => 6379,
     ),

4. 配置 php-fpm

在 php-fpm 添加 nextcloud 配置：

/etc/php/php-fpm.d/nextcloud.conf
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[nextcloud]
user = nextcloud
group = nextcloud
listen = /run/nextcloud/nextcloud.sock
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp

; should be accessible by your web server
listen.owner = http
listen.group = http

pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 15
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3

运行

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systemctl edit php-fpm.service

编辑 php-fpm 服务：

/etc/systemd/system/php-fpm.service.d/override.conf
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[Service]
# Your data directory
ReadWritePaths=/var/lib/nextcloud/data

# Optional: add if you've set the default apps directory to be writable in config.php
ReadWritePaths=/usr/share/webapps/nextcloud/apps

# Optional: unnecessary if you've set 'config_is_read_only' => true in your config.php
ReadWritePaths=/usr/share/webapps/nextcloud/config

ReadWritePaths=/etc/webapps/nextcloud/config

# Optional: add if you want to use Nextcloud's internal update process
# ReadWritePaths=/usr/share/webapps/nextcloud

启用 php-fpm 服务：

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systemctl enable php-fpm.service
systemctl start php-fpm.service

5. 配置域名

我的域名是托管在阿里云，在 dns 解析中添加三级域名 nextcloud 解析，并申请 ssl 证书。

证书下载之后，上传到 /etc/nginx/ssl/。

6. 配置 nginx

在 nginx 添加配置，基本是按照官方参考文件 来的，只修改了 php-handler、server_name、ssl_certificate 和 root：

/etc/nginx/site-available/nextcloud.conf
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upstream php-handler {
    server unix:/run/nextcloud/nextcloud.sock;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name <nextcloud.example.com>;

    # Enforce HTTPS
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443      ssl http2;
    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name <nextcloud.example.com>;

    # Use Mozilla's guidelines for SSL/TLS settings
    # https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/
    ssl_certificate     ssl/<nextcloud.example.com>.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key ssl/<nextcloud.example.com>.key;

    # HSTS settings
    # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
    # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
    # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
    # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
    # could take several months.
    #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;" always;

    # set max upload size
    client_max_body_size 1024M;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

    # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    # Pagespeed is not supported by Nextcloud, so if your server is built
    # with the `ngx_pagespeed` module, uncomment this line to disable it.
    #pagespeed off;

    # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
    add_header Referrer-Policy                      "no-referrer"   always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options               "nosniff"       always;
    add_header X-Download-Options                   "noopen"        always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options                      "SAMEORIGIN"    always;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies    "none"          always;
    add_header X-Robots-Tag                         "none"          always;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection                     "1; mode=block" always;

    # Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
    fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;

    # Path to the root of your installation
    root /usr/share/webapps/nextcloud;

    # Specify how to handle directories -- specifying `/index.php$request_uri`
    # here as the fallback means that Nginx always exhibits the desired behaviour
    # when a client requests a path that corresponds to a directory that exists
    # on the server. In particular, if that directory contains an index.php file,
    # that file is correctly served; if it doesn't, then the request is passed to
    # the front-end controller. This consistent behaviour means that we don't need
    # to specify custom rules for certain paths (e.g. images and other assets,
    # `/updater`, `/ocm-provider`, `/ocs-provider`), and thus
    # `try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri`
    # always provides the desired behaviour.
    index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri;

    # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients
    location = / {
        if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
            return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
        }
    }

    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }

    # Make a regex exception for `/.well-known` so that clients can still
    # access it despite the existence of the regex rule
    # `location ~ /(\.|autotest|...)` which would otherwise handle requests
    # for `/.well-known`.
    location ^~ /.well-known {
        # The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules
        # in `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`.

        location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
        location = /.well-known/caldav  { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }

        location /.well-known/acme-challenge    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
        location /.well-known/pki-validation    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }

        # Let Nextcloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other
        # requests by passing them to the front-end controller.
        return 301 /index.php$request_uri;
    }

    # Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/)  { return 404; }
    location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console)                { return 404; }

    # Ensure this block, which passes PHP files to the PHP process, is above the blocks
    # which handle static assets (as seen below). If this block is not declared first,
    # then Nginx will encounter an infinite rewriting loop when it prepends `/index.php`
    # to the URI, resulting in a HTTP 500 error response.
    location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
        set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;

        try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;

        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS on;

        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;         # Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;     # Enable pretty urls
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;

        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;
    }

    location ~ \.(?:css|js|svg|gif)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        expires 6M;         # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
        access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
    }

    location ~ \.woff2?$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
        expires 7d;         # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
        access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
    }

    # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
    location /remote {
        return 301 /remote.php$request_uri;
    }

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri;
    }
}

然后启用该配置：

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ln -s /etc/nginx/site-available/nextcloud.conf /etc/nginx/site-enabled/nextcloud.conf

原来的 nginx 中已有配置：

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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http {
    # ...
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
    # ...
}

之后重启 nginx 服务：

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systemctl restart nginx

7. 配置 nextcloud

在 nextcloud 的配置文件中添加：

/etc/webapps/nextcloud/config.php
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'trusted_domains' => [
    '<nextcloud.example.com>'
  ]

然后安装 nextcloud：

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occ maintenance:install --database mysql --database-name nextcloud --database-host localhost --database-user nextcloud --database-pass='<password>' --data-dir /var/lib/nextcloud/data

然后就可以登录了！

8. 配置 pacman hook

在 nextcloud 软件包更新后，自动更新 nextcloud 数据库：

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mkdir -vp /etc/pacman.d/hooks
ln -sv /usr/share/doc/nextcloud/nextcloud.hook /etc/pacman.d/hooks/

参考：

  • ArchWiki: Nextcloud
  • ArckWiki: MariaDB
  • Documentation: Nextcloud